Kerala Administrative Service Exam Books, Study Materials & Notes for Prelims & Mains 2025 | Syllabus Wise Contents

This article will give you the details of recommended books, online content, study materials, and short notes for the Kerala Administrative Service - KAS prelims and main examination. Bookmark this page for syllabus-wise contents, study materials, rank files, and books for the KAS exam based on the syllabus set by Kerala PSC. Some of the eBooks mentioned here can be downloaded in PDF format also.

To receive the KAS 2025 study materials by KAS TUTOR - email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com

The syllabus-wise study materials for the KAS mains examination are as follows. You can click on the concerned link to purchase, download, or view the study materials. Make sure you are buying the latest edition of the standard textbooks.

Paper 1 

(A) History (India and Kerala)

1) Ancient and Medieval period

• Tamil Nadu State Board History Text Book (Class XI) 
• Themes in Indian History Part I , NCERT Class XII 
• Themes in Indian History Part II , NCERT Class XII 

2) Modern Period

• A Brief History of Modern India by Spectrum (Rajiv Ahir) 
• Themes in Indian History Part III , NCERT Class XII 
• Politics in India Since Independence, NCERT Class XII 

3) Kerala History

• Kerala Charithram by A Sreedhara Menon (കേരള ചരിത്രം - എ ശ്രീധരമേനോന്‍)
• Political History of Kerala (1885-1957) by A Sreedhara Menon  (കേരള രാഷ്ട്രിയ ചരിത്രം (1885-1957) - എ ശ്രീധരമേനോന്‍)
• Kerala: An Authentic Handbook by I&PR Department, Govt. of Kerala. 
• Kerala History by KAS Tutor based on KAS Syllabus 2025 (to buy the study material, email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com).

(B) History of the world

• Themes in World History, NCERT Class XI 

(C) Cultural Heritage of Kerala

• കേരള സംസ്കാരം - എ ശ്രീധരമേനോന്‍
• The Legacy of Kerala - A Sreedhara Menon
• Kerala: An Authentic Handbook by I&PR Department, Govt. of Kerala.
• http://www.keralaculture.org/: Website of Dept of Cultural Affairs, Govt. of Kerala
• Kerala Culture by KAS Tutor based on KAS Syllabus 2025 (to buy the study material, email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com).

Paper 2 

(A) Indian Constitution, Public Administration, Political System, Governance, Social Justice and International Relations

• Indian Constitution at Work, NCERT Class XI 
• Indian Polity by Laxmikanth (6th edition) 
• Governance in India by Laxmikanth 
• International Organisations by IAS Parliament 
• Annual reports of NHRC, NCW, NCSC, NCST etc. 

(B) Science and Technology

• https://dst.gov.in/ Department of Science and Technology website 
• https://meity.gov.in/ Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology website 
• https://www.isro.gov.in/ ISRO Website 
• https://drdo.gov.in/home DRDO Website 
• https://powermin.nic.in/ Ministry of Power website 
• https://mnre.gov.in/ Ministry of New and Renewable Energy website 
• Environmental notes by NEO IAS 
• Environment by Sankar IAS Academy 
• E-booklets of various Union ministries obtained from https://pib.gov.in/indexd.aspx 
• Biology, NCERT Class XII 

(C) Monthly compilation of any educational institutes

Paper 3 

(A) Economy and Planning 

• Introductory Macroeconomics, NCERT Class XII 
• Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT Class XII 

(A.8,9) Kerala Economy

• Economy of Kerala State by KAS Tutor (to buy the study material, email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com)
• Kerala Model Development by KAS Tutor (to buy the study material, email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com)

(B) Geography 

• Fundamentals of Physical Geography, NCERT Class XI 
• India Physical Environment, NCERT Class XI 
• Certificate Physical and Human Geography, GC Leong

• Kerala Geography by KAS Tutor (to buy the study material, email us at kastutor4u@gmail.com)

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Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) | Key Highlights for UPSC & State PSC Exams

What is Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, HBOT? Key Points for UPSC & State PSC Exams

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment in which a person is exposed to pure oxygen (100%) in a pressurized environment (more than 1 atm). 
• Hyperbaric - The word indicates the pressure greater than 1 atm 
• It is often used to treat medical conditions such as decompression sickness which may cause due to Scuba diving, carbon monoxide poisoning, and non-healing wounds. 
• It is also being studied for its potential use in treating other conditions such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and autism.

Why in News?

Bollywood actor Anupam Kher shares video of Anil Kapoor inside Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Chamber which went viral.

How to prepare HBOT topic for UPSC & State PSC Exams

In the UPSC exam, a candidate may be asked about the uses, benefits, and potential drawbacks of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. They may be asked to explain the physiological mechanisms behind HBOT or to discuss the results of clinical trials investigating its effectiveness for treating certain medical conditions.

A candidate may also be asked to compare and contrast HBOT with other medical treatments or to analyze the ethical considerations involved in its use. They may be asked to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of HBOT and to discuss its accessibility for different populations.

In order to prepare for questions related to hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the UPSC exam, candidates should be familiar with the basic principles of medical treatment and the scientific research methods used to evaluate their effectiveness. They should also be knowledgeable about the specific uses and potential benefits of HBOT, as well as any potential risks or drawbacks associated with its use. Staying up-to-date with the latest research on HBOT and its potential applications can also be helpful in preparing for the exam.

UPSC Sample Questions and Answers related to HBOT

Q: What is hyperbaric oxygen therapy and what medical conditions is it used to treat?

A: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment in which a person is exposed to pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. It is often used to treat medical conditions such as decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, and non-healing wounds. HBOT works by increasing the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the bloodstream, which can help to promote healing and reduce inflammation.

Q: What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

A: Some potential benefits of hyperbaric oxygen therapy include improved wound healing, reduced inflammation, and increased oxygenation of tissues. However, there are also potential drawbacks associated with HBOT, such as the risk of oxygen toxicity and barotrauma (damage to tissues caused by changes in pressure). Additionally, HBOT can be expensive and may not be covered by all insurance plans.

Q: How is hyperbaric oxygen therapy being studied for its potential use in treating other medical conditions?

A: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is currently being studied for its potential use in treating a variety of medical conditions, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and autism. Researchers are investigating the effects of HBOT on brain function and inflammation, as well as its potential to improve cognitive function and behavioral symptoms in individuals with autism.

Q: How does hyperbaric oxygen therapy compare to other medical treatments for the conditions it is used to treat?

A: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is often used in combination with other medical treatments for the conditions it is used to treat, such as wound care or carbon monoxide poisoning. The effectiveness of HBOT may vary depending on the severity and type of condition being treated, as well as other factors such as the patient's overall health and medical history. Additionally, the cost and accessibility of HBOT may differ from other treatments, which can also affect its use.

Q: What ethical considerations are involved in the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

A: The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy raises ethical considerations related to its safety, effectiveness, and accessibility. It is important for healthcare providers to weigh the potential benefits and risks of HBOT for each individual patient and to ensure that it is being used in a safe and appropriate manner. Additionally, the cost of HBOT can be a barrier to access for some individuals, which raises issues related to healthcare equity and access to care.

KAS or IAS | Which is better? | Comparing Kerala Administrative Service (KAS) & Indian Administrative Service (IAS)

This article compares Kerala Administrative Service (KAS) & Indian Administrative Service (IAS) or Indian Civil Services; like in the service nature, service environment/location, administrative profile, salary & perks, promotions, service easiness etc. This article is a complete solution for those who still enquires about Which one is better KAS or IAS? When will I get IAS from KAS? Why IAS is more challenging service than KAS? Why KAS is better than IAS? etc. Read the complete article.

Basic Comparison of KAS & UPSC Civil Services (IAS)

Selection: (Examination Conducted by)

• KAS : Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC) - State wide examination.

• Civil Services : Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) - Nation wide examination.

Service Nature (Location of Service)

• KAS - Kerala State Services. Location of service can be anywhere in Kerala.

• UPSC Civil Services - All India / Central Services. Location of service can be anywhere in India.

Starting Salary per Month as on 2020 (before latest pay revision)

• KAS - (Junior Time Scale). Maximum Basic Pay - Rs. 45,800. State DA is 20% of Basic Salary. HRA = Rs. 2500 for B2 Class cities and above, 1750 for other cities/towns, 1500 for other places). Total or Gross Salary = Basic Salary + DA + HRA = Max Rs. 57460/Month.
• UPSC Civil Services (IAS) - BRs. 56,100 (The Dearness Allowance(DA) is fixed at 0% for IAS officers starting their career and increases with time, HRA is 10% of DA, If posted for North Eastern Service, NE Allowance is 28.5% of Basic Pay (56100).
• Note: It is observed as on 01.02.2022, the initial salary of KAS Junior Time Scale Officer is better than an IAS officer when he/she is posted in any jurisdiction. 

Grade in State/Central Government Service

• KAS  - Group A, Gazetted (Kerala State)

• Civil Services (IAS) - Group A, Gazetted (Govt, of India).

Why IAS is better than KAS?

• All India Service, you can work anywhere in India.
• If your work/service horizon is serving the Nation, of course your choice should be IAS.
• More power & perks than KAS.
• Top most level of Indian Beaurocracy.
• Challenging work environment gives better work satisfaction which is missing in many Government departments. 
• Can do public good more compared to KAS.

Why KAS is better than IAS?

• If your service horizon is Kerala state, then you should go for KAS,
• If you have to become an IAS officer and cherish to work in Kerala, your rank need to be below AIR 100 which is a difficult task. So KAS is relatively easy to approach.
• KAS is more easier entry for Stream 2 and 3 aspirants.
• Best suited for family oriented persons compared to IAS.
• More salary & perks to KAS Junior Time Scale officers than IAS officers who are just joined. 
• Less work pressure and less public interaction as compared to IAS officers.
• Gradual progression to conferred IAS after 8 years of service will give ample amount of time to analyse the work nature.
• More perks and trainings to KAS officers compared to IAS officials.

If there is anything missed out, please comment below.

If you would like to join our classes, please Whatsapp/Telegram us on 8137090989.

Thanking you

KAS TUTOR

When will be the next KAS Examination | അടുത്ത കെഎസ് പരീക്ഷ 2022 വര്‍ഷം നടക്കുമോ | Kerala Administrative Service Exam Schedule

Many aspirants are waiting for next Kerala Administrative Service examination to be held in the year 2022. Lots of people used to ask us when will be the next KAS Examination? whether it will be conducted in the year 2022. What is the exam schedule for Kerala Administrative Service exam, when will be KAS notification 2022 etc.  This blog post is a complete and personally authentic solution to your KAS related enquiry.

As you all know Kerala Administrative Service is a lucrative service under Government of Kerala. It is the only examination in Kerala conducted by Kerala PSC, where you will be inducted as Group A Gazetted Officer rank apart from Deputy Collector examination (guess). So it is common that all the Keralites will target this examination. 

Once you are inducted, you will be posted as Junior Time Scale officer with salary in hand around Rs. 80000 (Eighty Thousand Rupees) to 1 Lakh Rupees which is awesome. Details of salary is available in this blog. Link is as mentioned below.

https://kastutor.blogspot.com/2017/08/salary-scale-Kerala-Administrative-Service-KAS-officer.html

Now let us come to the topic for discussion that is the conduct of next KAS examination. As per authentic sources from Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC), there is less chances to conduct KAS in the year 2022 as the vacancies are not yet reported, however notification can be expected in the year 2022 itself. We can expect KAS examination to be conducted in the year 2023. Please note that this is not an official statement, the scenario may change once all vacancies are reported. There will be restraints from Secretariat staffs too in this regard; as this will affect their promotion and seniority. 

So start preparing as early as possible, you will get ample amount of time to crack this KAS tough nut. If you wish to join us for a paid combine study then please contact us on 8137090989. Please note that due to rush of calls we have enabled WhatsApp/Telegram only. Inform us there to join please. 

Thanking you all in anticipation. Wish you some good study days ahead. God bless you. Jai Hind!

Manufacturing Sector in Kerala | Overview, Present Condition, Concerns, Government Measures & Way Forward | Kerala Economy for KAS Exam

This article discuss about manufacturing sector or the secondary sector of the economy of Kerala. Here it explains the overview of manufacturing sector in Kerala, its present conditions, concerns in this labour intensive sector, measures taken by Government of Kerala and the sustainable solutions and way forward. This topic is relevant to the Kerala economy syllabus of Kerala Administrative Service examination. The contents are explained as key points.

Overview of Manufacturing Sector in Kerala

• Traditional industries like mat-weaving, handlooms, bamboo products. 
• A textile factory was started at Quilon in 1881. 
• Industrial development of Travancore - Sir C.P. Ramaswamy Iyer. 
• Aluminium Company at Eloor, Travancore Sugars and Chemicals Limited, Ogale Glass Factory, Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited. 
• Cochin State - coconut oil and textiles - Pushpagiri Weaving Mills started at Thrissur in 1908.
• Malabar – Basel Mission. 
• 1940s - export-oriented plantations and agro-processing industries.
• Traditional industries like cashew, handloom, handicrafts, etc. 
• 1935 to 1948 - 'the golden age' of Kerala's industrial sector.
• 1960s to 1970s - Kerala ceramics, Kerala soap Industry, Trivandrum rubber works, Calicut factory.
• The Kerala Electronic Development Corporation (KELTRON).
• The 1980s is the decade which has the lowest growth in industrial production Kerala State Industrial Development corporation (KSIDC), Kerala Financial Corporation (KFC), Small Industries Development Corporation (SIDCO) 
• Post liberation phase - petroleum products, chemical products, non-metallic minerals, transport equipment and electricity generation.

Comparison : KINFRA, KSIDC & KIFFB

Present Day Condition of Secondary Sector in Kerala

• Relatively low size.
• 12.8 per cent of Kerala's GSVA.
• The manufacturing sector accounted for 18.0 per cent of India's and 29.3 per cent of China's GDP in 2017.

Why there is low manufacturing base in Kerala?

• Not having sufficient capital for starting the business. 
• Meagre amount of public expenditure. 
• Investment in social development. 
• Eco sensitive zones. 
• High population density – increased land price. 
• High cost of production. 
• Labour union activities. Land of strikes & harthals. 
• Focus only cottage industries.

Concerns for Manufacturing Sector in Kerala

• Unemployment. 
• Resulted in out flow of human capital. 
• Low productivity. 
• Limited competition capability. 
• Frequent strikes. 
• Financial problems – red tapism.  
• Lack of demand. 
• Power issues. 
• Transportation, non availability of raw materials.

Measures taken by Government of Kerala to uplift Manufacturing Sector of the State

• Revival of public sector - Steel & Industrial Forgings Limited and The Kerala Minerals & Metals Ltd. - made profitable.
• Industrial corridors. 
• Modernizing traditional sector – e portal – hand loom uniform.
• Startups - UN Innovation Hub – country’s first. 
• Abolition of "Nokkukooli".
• Kerala State Industrial and Commercial Policy 2018.
• KIIFB funding.

Way Forward

• Modernizing the traditional industries – new products – geo textiles.
• Manufacturing food and agro based products – processing of jack fruit, pineapple, banana.
• Utilizing the Gulf returnees – professionals – Dream Kerala project. 
• Kudumbashree units- food processing.
• Entrepreneurship among students. 
• COVID- 19 – PPE kit manufacturing.

Video Explanation

Sri Narayana Guru & Renaissance in Kerala | Contributions of Sri Narayana Guru in Social Reform Movements in India | KAS Mains Practise Question 2

This article is all about Sri Narayana Guru and his contributions to social reform movements in India including renaissance in Kerala. Here we discuss 2 sample questions related to Sri Narayana Guru which can be good practise questions for Kerala Administrative Service Mains Examination. The questions are as follows.

Q.1 Discuss the role of Sri Narayana Guru in social reform movements in India.

Introduction

Sri Narayana Guru is a saint, prophet and social reformer from Kerala. His words and deeds ignited sparks of revolution that led to a remarkable cultural renaissance in the profligate society of Kerala.

Contributions of Sri Narayana Guru in Social Reform Movements in India.

1. Temple entry

• Aravipuram Movement was launched by Sri Narayana Guru in 1888. On that day, Sri Narayana Guru defied the religious restrictions traditionally placed on the Ezhava community, and consecrated an idol of Shiva at Aravipuram. 
• In 1925 Guru supported the famous Vaikom Satyagraha movement, which demanded entry for lower caste people in the Shiva temple at Vaikom and all temples in Kerala. 

 2. He redeemed the downtrodden human from the curse of caste-ism . ‘Oneness of Humanity’ was his dream.

• His famous message “ One Caste, One Religion and One God to Mankind ”, which was a clarion call to the mankind to unite, instead of breaking down in the name of caste and religion. 

 3. He believed that other than the freedom from the curse of untouchability, the downtrodden classes needed education and wealth . They needed opportunities to improve like others.

• Sri Narayana Guru articulated a doctrine aimed at improving the Ezhavas ’ social position. He urged them to abandon the occupation of toddy tapping and to abstain from liquor. 

 4. He formed a programme of action known as the Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP).

• The Yogam took up several issues, including the right of admission to public schools, recruitment to government employment, entry into temples, on roads and political representation. 

 5. Guru did not approve polygamy and polyandry . He discouraged some unnecessary traditions in marriage.

 6. Religious harmony

• He considered all religions to be a way for man’s goodness and welfare and thus are equal. 
• He held that the essence of all religions is one and the same, and advocated the comparative study of all faiths. 

 7. Literature

• Sree Narayana Guru had proficiency in Sanskrit, Malayalam and Tamil and had written by way of hymns of prayer to different gods in all three languages, translations, philosophy and teachings. 
• Some of the notable ones are “ Atmopadesa Sathakam ” and Darsanamala ” which give in condensed way the moral and spiritual principles. 

8. Sree Narayana Guru has made a silent revolution , without any blood shed or hatred, but with evoking respect and cooperation from all concerned.

Conclusion: Sri Narayana Guru - The father of Kerala renaissance


 Q 2. In many ways Sri Narayana Guru can be called as ‘Father of Kerala Renaissance’. Do you agree? Discuss.

 Introduction

 Brief about Sri Narayana Guru and his unparalleled contributions.

 Why Sri Narayana Guru is in true sense the father of Renaissance in Kerala?

1. Upliftment of Oppressed : SNDP Yogam
2. Against Untouchability – Aruvippuram Consecration 
3. Promotion of Education 
4. Against social evils like thalikettukalyanam, thirandukuli etc. 
5. Advocated for prohibition of intoxicants 
6. Stood for social equality 

 Conclusion : ‘One Caste, One Religion, One God for mankind’.

Video Explanation

Dear readers, please give your inputs for an improved answer in the comment section below. Quality points will be included in the answer section from your comments. Thanks in advance!

Kerala Floods | Causes of Floods in Kerala | Dam Mismanagement | Solutions & Way Forward | KAS Mains Practise Question 1

This article explains about Kerala floods, causes or reasons for floods in Kerala, how the mismanagement of dams worsened the impact of flood, Kasturirangan & Madhav Gadgil Committee reports on protection of Western Ghats and the solutions and way forward to be implemented in case of floods in Kerala if at all it happens in future. This can be a model question for Kerala Administrative Service Mains Examination. The answer to this KAS mains model question (Q. Among the various factors that contributed to Kerala floods, dam mis management has had a major role to play. Examine) can presented in the following manner. 

Introduction 

• Kerala Flood occurred in 2018 & 2019 August was one of the worst havoc in the present century. It can be described as a  combination of natural as well as man-made disaster. 

Reasons for floods in Kerala 

1. More than average rainfall received in Kerala.
2. Change in land use patterns and climate change.
3. Incursions into catchment areas of rivers in Kerala. 
4. Kerala is yet to implement recommendations of the Gadgil Committee on conservation of Western Ghats. 
5. Wetlands have been lost.

How Dam Mismanagement lead to floods in Kerala?

1. Kerala is home to 53 large dams with a collective capacity of nearly 7 trillion litres. But for dams to truly tame floods, experts say dam reservoirs need to be relatively empty before the onset of rain.
2. Also state did not gradually release water from about 30 dams in anticipation of rains.
3. Interstate river dam management issues like Mullapperiyar dam management issue between the states of Kerala & Tamilnadu.

Way forward

1. Reservoir operation and management need to be taken more seriously
2. Implementation of Kasturirangan & Madhav Gadgil committee recommendations
3. Kerala should set up a State Flood Commission to evolve a comprehensive approach to manage extreme rainfall in the state
4. Flood control can be effected through an Integrated Dam Management System, which is totally computerised and automated

For video explanation, please see below!

Dear readers, please give your inputs for an improved answer in the comment section below. Quality points will be included in the answer section from your comments. Thanks in advance!